اردو ترجمہ نیچے
بِسۡمِ اللهِ الرَّحۡمٰنِ الرَّحِيۡمِ
:ماضی کی غلطیوں کی اصلاح ایک دینی فریضہ
وراثت میں عدل و انصاف قائم رکھنا
In many families, particularly among older generations, estates were often distributed based on personal preferences, cultural customs, or a lack of understanding of the precise Islamic inheritance laws (farāʾiḍ). Parents and grandparents may have acted with good intentions, unaware that Allah (
) Himself has revealed clear and binding laws in the Qur’an that assign exact shares to each eligible heir.
Unfortunately, this has meant that, in many cases, estates were not divided in accordance with Sharīʿah, and rightful heirs were unknowingly deprived of their God-given shares. Now, as knowledge of these rulings becomes more accessible, it is often the children or grandchildren who realise these past mistakes. At this point, many of the original heirs may have passed away, but this does not erase the responsibility of correcting the injustice.
It is a religious obligation upon surviving heirs to do everything within their power to rectify these past errors. This is not merely a legal formality it is an act of ‘ibādah , a form of justice that may help relieve the burden of those deceased relatives who unknowingly violated Allah’s () laws, and protect the living from carrying their share of the sin.
Failing to distribute an estate according to Allah’s () commandment is not a trivial matter. The Prophet (
) warned that withholding the inheritance from rightful heirs is a major sin, and the Qur’an states in no uncertain terms:
"These are the limits set by Allah; and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit them into gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein forever. But whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits, He will put him into the Fire, to abide therein; and for him is a humiliating punishment." (Sūrah al-Nisā’, 4:13–14)
Every extra penny kept beyond one’s rightful share is harām and must be returned. Rectifying an incorrect distribution, even years later, is an opportunity for tawbah, for cleansing one’s wealth, and for performing an act of immense reward. It is a step that benefits the deceased, who may now be waiting for someone to relieve them of this burden, and uplifts the living with Allah’s () pleasure and mercy.
Let us not delay in correcting past injustices. By doing so, we serve both our parents and ourselves, preserving their honour in the Hereafter and protecting our own fate in the sight of Allah ().
See a calculated example below.
Dr. A. Hussain, 2025
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:ماضی کی غلطیوں کی اصلاح ایک دینی فریضہ
وراثت میں عدل و انصاف قائم رکھنا
بہت سے خاندانوںمیں، خاص طور پرپچھلی نسلوں میں، جائیدادکی تقسیم اکثرذاتی پسند، علاقائی رسمو رواج، یااسلامی وراثتی قوانین (فرائض) سے ناواقفیت کیبنیاد پر کیجاتی تھی۔ والدین اوردادا دادی نیک نیتیسے ایسا کرسکتے تھے، اس حقیقتسے بے خبرکہ اللہ تعالیٰنے قرآن کریممیں وراثت کےبارے میں نہایت واضحاور قطعی احکامنازل فرمائے ہیں، جنمیں ہر حقدار وارث کامتعین حصہ بیان کیاگیا ہے۔
بدقسمتی سے، اس کانتیجہ یہ ہواکہ بہت سےمعاملات میں میراث شریعتکے مطابق تقسیمنہیں ہوئی، اور کئیوارث اپنے شرعی حصےسے محروم رہگئے—بغیر اسکے کہ انہیںیا تقسیم کرنےوالوں کو اسکی خبر ہو۔اب جب کہان احکام کیآگاہی عام ہو رہیہے، تو اکثراوقات اولاد یا پوتےپوتیاں ان پچھلیکوتاہیوں کو محسوسکرتے ہیں۔ ہو سکتاہے کہ اُسوقت تک کئیاصل وارث انتقالکر چکے ہوں،لیکن اس سےیہ ذمہ داریختم نہیں ہوجاتی کہ انناانصافیوں کی اصلاحکی جائے۔
یہ زندہ رہ جانےوالے ورثاء پر ایکدینی اور شرعی فریضہہے کہ وہاپنی استطاعت کے مطابقماضی کی غلطتقسیم کو درستکریں۔ یہ محضقانونی تقاضا نہیں، بلکہعبادت کا ایکذریعہ ہے—ایکایسا عمل جو عدلو انصاف کامظہر ہے اورممکن ہے کہاس کے ذریعےوہ مرحومین جنہوںنے نادانستہ طورپر اللہ کےحکم کی خلافورزی کی، ان کےبوجھ کو ہلکاکیا جا سکے،اور زندہ افرادخود بھی اسگناہ میں شریک ہونےسے بچ جائیں۔
شریعت کے مطابقوراثت تقسیم نہ کرنامعمولی بات نہیں۔ رسولاللہ ﷺ نےفرمایا کہ جوشخص وارث کواس کا حقنہیں دیتا، وہ کبیرہگناہ کا مرتکبہوتا ہے۔ اور قرآنمجید میں اللہ تعالیٰکا ارشاد ہے:
"یہ اللہ کی حدیں ہیں، اور جو اللہ اور اس کے رسول کی اطاعت کرے، وہ اسے ایسے باغات میں داخل کرے گا جن کے نیچے نہریں بہتی ہیں، وہ ان میں ہمیشہ رہیں گے۔ اور جو اللہ اور اس کے رسول کی نافرمانی کرے اور اس کی مقرر کردہ حدوں سے تجاوز کرے، اللہ اسے جہنم میں داخل کرے گا جہاں وہ ہمیشہ رہے گا، اور اس کے لیے رسوا کن عذاب ہے۔"
(سورۃ النساء، 13-14)
جو شخص اپنے حصےسے زیادہ مالرکھتا ہے، اس کےپاس موجود ہرزائد پیسہ حرام ہےاور اسے واپسلوٹانا ضروری ہے۔ اگروراثت کی تقسیمغلط ہو چکیہو، تو اسےدرست کرنا—even اگر برسوںگزر چکے ہوں—توبہ کا دروازہہے، مال کوپاک کرنے کاذریعہ ہے، اور ایکایسا عمل ہے جوبہت بڑے اجرکا سبب بنسکتا ہے۔ یہ قدمنہ صرف مرحومینکو فائدہ دیتاہے، بلکہ زندہافراد کے لیےاللہ کی رضااور رحمت حاصلکرنے کا ذریعہبھی بن سکتاہے۔
آئیے، ہم دیرکیے بغیر ماضیکی ناانصافیوں کیاصلاح کریں۔ یہ ہمارےوالدین کے حقمیں ایک خدمتہے اور ہمارےاپنے انجام کے لیےحفاظت۔ ہم انکا مقام آخرتمیں بلند کریںگے، اور اپنےلیے اللہ کےہاں نجات کیراہ ہموار کریںگے۔
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Calculated example
Abdullah died in 1960 leaving behind 3 sons (Ali, Ahmed and Aqil), 2 daughters (Amna and Aminah) and his widow (Asiya). Ali, the eldest son, and his wife lived with his parents (Abdullah and Asiya). Ali also managed the family business consisting of a grocery shop. After Abdulllah died Ali assumed sole ownership of his father’s house and the grocery shop and the land plot in Pakistan which his father owned, denying his siblings their rightful shares of the inheritance. This injustice caused a rift, splitting the family.
Ali died in 1971 leaving behind 1 daughter (Batool) and wife (Balquis). Batool assumed owned ship of all her father’s estate after he died. All of Ali’s siblings and mother were still alive at the time of his death.
Batool died in 2024 leaving behind her son (Khalid) and her mother (Balquis)
Khalid recognizes that a wrong was done by his grandfather and is determined to rectify the past for the sake of both his grandfather, Abdullah and his father, Ali, and himself. He also feels a strong religious obligation to correct this injustice and restore fairness within the family.
This is a case of munaskha and the inheritance shares have to be calculated in steps, at each time when someone died. The calculations are as per Sunni Islamic law of inheritance.
Step 1 Abdullah dies
Calculate the inheritance shares when Abdullah dies leaving behind 3 sons, 2 daughters and a wife.
Check the calculation: 1/8 + 14/64 + 14/64 + 14/64 + 7/64 + 7/64 = 1
Step 2 Ali dies
Calculate the inheritance shares when Ali dies leaving behind 1 daughter and a wife. All of Ali’s siblings and mother were still alive at the time of his death.
Check the calculation: 1/6 +1/8 +1/2 + 5/72 + 5/72 + 5/144 + 5/144 = 1
Step 3 Batool dies
Calculate the inheritance shares when Batool died leaving behind 1 son and her mother.
Step 4 Sum up the shares
Add all the shares from each stage for each living heir.
Step 5 Check the calculations
31/192 + 539/2304 + 539/2304 + 539/4608 + 539/4608 + 35/768 + 35/384 =1
- My sincere thanks to Mr. Anwar Alam of New Delhi, for carefully reviewing all the calculations above and kindly identifying an error on my part.
If we assume that Abdullah’s estate remained unchanged, comprising of his house, shop, and land in Pakistan, then the current market value of these assets would need to be determined. The estate should then be divided into 4608 parts, and distributed according to the allocation detailed in the final distribution above.
Of course, it is unlikely that the estate has remained exactly the same over time, so appropriate adjustments would need to be made in consultation with all the rightful heirs. This relatively simple example highlights the importance of calculating and distributing inheritance shares as soon as possible after death. Doing so is not only a religious obligation, but also the most practical and equitable course of action.
You can get help to have your inheritance shares calculated through Freeislamicwill.com®. Click here for more details.
Dr. A. Hussain